Buttocks Liposuction Costs in Turkey: What You Need to Know.

Buttocks liposuction is a popular cosmetic procedure aimed at sculpting and reshaping the buttocks by removing excess fat.

With its growing appeal, many individuals are considering Turkey as their destination due to its competitive pricing and high-quality medical care.

Overview of Buttocks Liposuction

Buttocks liposuction, also known as buttock liposculpture, involves the removal of fat deposits from the buttocks area to improve its shape and contour.

The procedure is performed using advanced liposuction techniques, such as tumescent liposuction or laser-assisted liposuction. The primary goal is to achieve a smoother and more aesthetically pleasing buttock shape.

Factors Influencing the Cost of Buttocks Liposuction

Several factors contribute to the overall cost of buttocks liposuction in Turkey.

Understanding these factors can help you better estimate the total expenditure and avoid unexpected expenses. Here are the key components that influence pricing:

Clinic and Surgeon Reputation

The reputation of the clinic and the surgeon performing the procedure significantly impact the cost. High-end clinics with experienced surgeons often charge more due to their advanced facilities, higher standards of care, and successful track records.

For instance, well-established clinics in Istanbul, such as NewMe Health and Turkeyana Clinic, may charge between $4,500 to $6,500 for buttocks liposuction.

Geographic Location

The cost of buttocks liposuction can vary depending on the city where the procedure is performed. In major cities like Istanbul and Ankara, prices tend to be higher compared to smaller cities like Izmir. Here’s a breakdown of the average costs in different cities:

  • Istanbul: $4,500 to $6,500
  • Ankara: $4,000 to $6,000
  • Izmir: $3,500 to $5,500

Extent of the Procedure

The extent of liposuction required can affect the price. If a large volume of fat needs to be removed, or if multiple areas are being treated simultaneously, the cost will be higher.

Some clinics charge per liter of fat removed, with prices ranging from $1,000 to $2,500 per liter.

Type of Liposuction Technique

Different liposuction techniques come with varying costs. For instance:

  • Tumescent Liposuction: $4,000 to $6,000
  • Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL): $4,500 to $6,500
  • Laser-Assisted Liposuction (LAL): $4,800 to $6,800

Each technique offers different benefits, and your choice will influence the final price.

Surgeon’s Experience and Expertise

Experienced surgeons with advanced skills and a high success rate may charge more for their services.

However, choosing a highly qualified surgeon can be crucial for achieving the desired results and ensuring safety.

Surgeons with extensive experience might charge anywhere from $5,000 to $7,000.

Prices of all the types of the Buttocks liposuction procedure in Turkey.

Tumescent Liposuction

Definition and Details:

Tumescent liposuction is a highly popular and effective technique that involves the infiltration of a specialized solution into the fat tissue before the liposuction process.

This solution, known as tumescent fluid, contains a mixture of saline (saltwater), lidocaine (local anesthetic), and epinephrine (vasoconstrictor).

The saline helps to swell and firm the fat cells, making them easier to suction out. Lidocaine provides local anesthesia, reducing pain during the procedure, while epinephrine helps minimize bleeding by constricting blood vessels.

The tumescent technique is favored for its reduced risk of complications and minimal invasiveness compared to traditional liposuction.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Detailed assessment by the surgeon to discuss goals, evaluate health, and plan the procedure.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Blood tests and other evaluations to ensure suitability for surgery.
  • Preparation: Marking of the target areas and administration of tumescent fluid using a syringe or cannula.
  • Anesthesia Administration: Application of local anesthesia to numb the targeted areas.
  • Incision: Small incisions are made in inconspicuous locations to insert the cannula.
  • Suctioning: Removal of fat using a suction device through the cannula.
  • Fluid Removal: Removal of excess fluid from the treatment area.
  • Closure: Incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips.
  • Post-Operative Care: Monitoring recovery, applying dressings, and providing pain management and follow-up care.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,000 to $6,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,000 to $2,500
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,000 to $2,000
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,000 to $10,350

Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL)

Definition and Details:

Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL) utilizes ultrasonic energy to break down fat cells before their removal. A probe emitting ultrasonic waves is inserted into the fatty tissue, which liquefies the fat cells, making them easier to aspirate.

This technique is particularly effective for treating dense and fibrous fat deposits that are resistant to other liposuction methods.

UAL offers the advantage of precision and can enhance the contouring results by targeting stubborn fat areas with greater accuracy.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Assessment of patient’s needs and health to plan the procedure.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Required medical tests to evaluate overall health.
  • Anesthesia: Administration of local or general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort.
  • Ultrasound Application: Insertion of a probe to deliver ultrasonic waves that emulsify fat.
  • Incision: Small cuts are made for the insertion of the ultrasound probe and cannula.
  • Fat Extraction: Suction of liquefied fat using a cannula connected to a vacuum device.
  • Fluid Removal: Extraction of remaining fluids and blood from the treated area.
  • Wound Closure: Closure of incisions with sutures or adhesive strips.
  • Post-Operative Care: Care instructions for recovery, including medication and follow-up appointments.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500 to $6,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,200 to $2,800
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,200 to $2,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,750 to $11,650

Laser-Assisted Liposuction (LAL)

Definition and Details:

Laser-Assisted Liposuction (LAL) employs laser energy to break down fat cells before their removal. A laser fiber is inserted into the fatty tissue through a small cannula, emitting laser light that liquefies fat cells.

This technique not only facilitates fat removal but also promotes collagen production, which can lead to tighter skin and improved contouring.

LAL is known for its precision and minimal downtime, making it a popular choice for individuals seeking refined results.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Evaluation by the surgeon to determine suitability and plan the procedure.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Blood work and other assessments to ensure patient readiness.
  • Anesthesia: Local or general anesthesia is administered to manage pain during the procedure.
  • Laser Application: Insertion of a laser fiber into the target area to emulsify fat cells.
  • Incision: Small incisions made for laser fiber and cannula insertion.
  • Fat Extraction: Removal of liquefied fat through a cannula.
  • Fluid and Blood Removal: Removal of excess fluids and blood from the area.
  • Wound Closure: Suturing or application of adhesive strips to close incisions.
  • Post-Operative Care: Detailed instructions for recovery, including medication and follow-up visits.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,800 to $6,800
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,500 to $3,000
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,500 to $2,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $7,250 to $12,650

Power-Assisted Liposuction (PAL)

Definition and Details:

Power-Assisted Liposuction (PAL) uses a vibrating cannula to facilitate the fat removal process. The cannula is equipped with a motor that creates rapid, controlled vibrations, which help to break up fat cells and make them easier to suction out.

PAL is known for its efficiency in removing large volumes of fat and is particularly useful in areas with fibrous or dense fat deposits.

This technique can reduce the overall duration of the procedure and improve fat extraction results.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Discussing patient goals and health assessment with the surgeon.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Required tests to ensure the patient is fit for surgery.
  • Anesthesia: Application of local or general anesthesia for patient comfort.
  • Cannula Insertion: Placement of the vibrating cannula into the targeted fat areas.
  • Fat Removal: Use of the vibrating cannula to break down and suction fat cells.
  • Fluid and Blood Extraction: Removal of excess fluids and blood.
  • Incision Closure: Sutures or adhesive strips used to close small incisions.
  • Post-Operative Care: Instructions and follow-up for recovery and wound management.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,200 to $6,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,000 to $2,500
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,000 to $2,000
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,050 to $10,350

Radiofrequency-Assisted Liposuction (RFAL)

Definition and Details:

Radiofrequency-Assisted Liposuction (RFAL) combines traditional liposuction with radiofrequency energy.

The procedure involves the insertion of a cannula that emits radiofrequency waves to heat and break down fat cells, making them easier to remove.

Additionally, the radiofrequency energy stimulates collagen production, which helps to tighten the skin in the treated area. RFAL is praised for its dual benefit of fat removal and skin tightening.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Evaluation and discussion of goals with the surgeon.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Medical tests to confirm suitability for the procedure.
  • Anesthesia: Local or general anesthesia administration to manage discomfort.
  • Radiofrequency Application: Insertion of a cannula to deliver radiofrequency energy to the fat cells.
  • Fat Extraction: Removal of liquefied fat through a suction device.
  • Fluid Removal: Extraction of remaining fluids and blood.
  • Incision Closure: Small incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips.
  • Post-Operative Care: Recovery instructions, including medication and follow-up care.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $5,000 to $7,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,500 to $3,200
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,200 to $2,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $7,250 to $12,850

Water-Assisted Liposuction (WAL)

Definition and Details:

Water-Assisted Liposuction (WAL) involves the use of a high-pressure stream of water to dislodge fat cells before they are suctioned out.

The procedure uses a specialized device that delivers a fine jet of water to break up and wash away the fat cells.

WAL is advantageous for its gentle approach, which helps to preserve surrounding tissues and reduce bleeding. This method is well-suited for patients seeking a less invasive option with minimal downtime.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Surgeon’s assessment and planning of the procedure.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Medical evaluations to determine fitness for surgery.
  • Anesthesia: Application of local or general anesthesia for comfort.
  • Water Jet Application: Use of a high-pressure water jet to loosen fat cells.
  • Fat Extraction: Suction of the emulsified fat through a cannula.
  • Fluid Removal: Extraction of excess fluids and blood.
  • Incision Closure: Closure of small incisions with sutures or adhesive strips.
  • Post-Operative Care: Detailed recovery plan, including medication and follow-up.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,200 to $6,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,000 to $2,500
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,000 to $2,000
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,050 to $10,350

Cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting)

Definition and Details:

Cryolipolysis, commonly known as CoolSculpting, is a non-surgical fat reduction technique that uses controlled cooling to freeze and destroy fat cells.

During the procedure, a cooling applicator is placed on the target area, where it cools the fat cells to a temperature that triggers their natural death.

The dead fat cells are then gradually eliminated by the body’s metabolic processes. CoolSculpting is ideal for patients who prefer a non-invasive option with no downtime.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Evaluation by a specialist to determine candidacy and target areas.
  • Pre-Operative Preparation: Marking of treatment areas and discussion of procedure expectations.
  • Cooling Application: Placement of a cooling applicator on the target area to freeze fat cells.
  • Treatment Duration: The applicator remains in place for 35 to 60 minutes per area.
  • Post-Treatment Care: Monitoring and advice on managing any potential side effects.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Treatment Preparation: Included in overall treatment cost.
  • Cooling Application: $2,000 to $4,000 per treatment area
  • Additional Sessions: $1,500 to $3,000 per additional area
  • Post-Treatment Care: Minimal, typically included in the treatment cost
  • Total Estimated Cost: $2,000 to $7,000

Endermologie-Assisted Liposuction

Definition and Details:

Endermologie-Assisted Liposuction combines traditional liposuction with Endermologie, a technique that uses mechanical massage to enhance fat removal.

This method involves the use of a device that applies suction and rollers to the skin, stimulating blood flow and lymphatic drainage.

The mechanical massage helps to prepare the fat cells for extraction, potentially improving the results and recovery process. Endermologie is often used as a complementary treatment to traditional liposuction.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Assessment and planning of the procedure.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Medical evaluations to ensure patient readiness.
  • Anesthesia: Local or general anesthesia as needed.
  • Endermologie Application: Use of a device to massage and prepare fat cells.
  • Liposuction: Traditional suction of fat cells following Endermologie treatment.
  • Post-Operative Care: Follow-up care and instructions for recovery.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Endermologie Session: $300 to $600 per session
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500 to $6,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,000 to $2,500
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,000 to $2,000
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,800 to $12,300

Vaser-Assisted Liposuction

Definition and Details:

Vaser-Assisted Liposuction, or Vaser Lipo, is an advanced technique that uses ultrasound waves to selectively target and break down fat cells.

The procedure involves the use of a Vaser probe that emits ultrasonic energy to emulsify fat while preserving surrounding tissues.

The emulsified fat is then suctioned out through a cannula. Vaser Lipo is praised for its precision and ability to achieve smooth, contoured results with minimal trauma to the body.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Detailed discussion of goals and evaluation of health.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Necessary tests to ensure patient suitability.
  • Anesthesia: Administration of local or general anesthesia.
  • Ultrasound Application: Insertion of the Vaser probe to break down fat cells.
  • Fat Extraction: Removal of emulsified fat through a cannula.
  • Fluid Removal: Extraction of excess fluids from the treated area.
  • Incision Closure: Closure of small incisions with sutures or adhesive strips.
  • Post-Operative Care: Instructions for recovery and follow-up appointments.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500 to $6,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,200 to $2,800
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,200 to $2,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,750 to $12,650

SmartLipo

Definition and Details:

SmartLipo is a laser-assisted liposuction technique that utilizes a laser to liquefy fat cells for easier removal.

A thin laser fiber is inserted through a small cannula, and the laser energy melts the fat cells, which are then suctioned out.

In addition to fat removal, SmartLipo promotes skin tightening through collagen stimulation. This technique is known for its minimally invasive nature and the added benefit of skin tightening.

Procedure Steps:

  • Initial Consultation: Evaluation and planning with the surgeon.
  • Pre-Operative Testing: Medical tests to confirm patient suitability.
  • Anesthesia: Local or general anesthesia administered as needed.
  • Laser Application: Insertion of a laser fiber to emulsify fat cells.
  • Fat Extraction: Suction of liquefied fat through a cannula.
  • Fluid Removal: Extraction of excess fluids and blood.
  • Incision Closure: Suturing or application of adhesive strips.
  • Post-Operative Care: Detailed recovery instructions, including follow-up care.

Pricing Breakdown:

  • Consultation Fee: $100 to $200
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $200 to $500
  • Anesthesia Fee: $500 to $1,000
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500 to $6,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,500 to $3,000
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,200 to $2,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $200 to $500
  • Travel and Accommodation (if applicable): $50 to $150 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost: $6,750 to $12,650

Price Comparison of Buttocks Liposuction Procedures in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir.

Tumescent Liposuction

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,200
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $300
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $6,500 to $10,600

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $120
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $220
  • Anesthesia Fee: $700
  • Procedure Fee: $4,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,100
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,300
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $250
  • Compression Garment: $90
  • Follow-Up Visits: $120
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $40
  • Travel and Accommodation: $80 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $6,400 to $10,320

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $230
  • Anesthesia Fee: $725
  • Procedure Fee: $4,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,150
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,400
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $275
  • Compression Garment: $110
  • Follow-Up Visits: $140
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $90 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $6,600 to $10,600

Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction (UAL)

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $5,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,300
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,700
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $120
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $120 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $7,700 to $12,400

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $230
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,800
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,250
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $300
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $90 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $7,250 to $11,670

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $240
  • Anesthesia Fee: $775
  • Procedure Fee: $4,900
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,275
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $325
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $160
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $7,900 to $12,300

Laser-Assisted Liposuction (LAL)

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $5,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,400
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,800
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $400
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $200
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $130 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $8,150 to $13,350

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $240
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,900
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,350
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $110
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $7,625 to $12,720

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $5,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,375
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,700
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $375
  • Compression Garment: $140
  • Follow-Up Visits: $180
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $80
  • Travel and Accommodation: $110 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $8,000 to $13,100

Power-Assisted Liposuction (PAL)

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $4,800
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,250
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $120
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $110 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $7,665 to $12,650

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $220
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,600
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,200
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $300
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $90 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $6,500 to $11,800

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $230
  • Anesthesia Fee: $775
  • Procedure Fee: $4,900
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,275
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,700
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $325
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $160
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $7,800 to $12,350

Radiofrequency-Assisted Liposuction (RFAL)

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $5,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,500
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,800
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $400
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $200
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $120 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $8,200 to $13,500

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $240
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $5,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,400
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $110
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $7,825 to $12,620

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $5,400
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,450
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,700
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $375
  • Compression Garment: $140
  • Follow-Up Visits: $180
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $80
  • Travel and Accommodation: $110 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $8,315 to $13,250

Water-Assisted Liposuction (WAL)

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,000
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,200
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $300
  • Compression Garment: $120
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $90 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $6,020 to $10,150

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $220
  • Anesthesia Fee: $700
  • Procedure Fee: $4,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,100
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,000
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $250
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $120
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $40
  • Travel and Accommodation: $80 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $6,120 to $10,000

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $230
  • Anesthesia Fee: $725
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,150
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,400
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $275
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $160
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $6,750 to $11,500

Cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting)

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Treatment Preparation: $200
  • Cooling Application: $2,500 per treatment area
  • Additional Sessions: $1,800 per area
  • Post-Treatment Care: Included in the treatment cost
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $80 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $2,500 to $7,500

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $120
  • Pre-Treatment Preparation: $180
  • Cooling Application: $2,200 per treatment area
  • Additional Sessions: $1,600 per area
  • Post-Treatment Care: Included in the treatment cost
  • Compression Garment: $90
  • Follow-Up Visits: $120
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $40
  • Travel and Accommodation: $70 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $2,200 to $7,000

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Treatment Preparation: $220
  • Cooling Application: $2,400 per treatment area
  • Additional Sessions: $1,700 per area
  • Post-Treatment Care: Included in the treatment cost
  • Compression Garment: $110
  • Follow-Up Visits: $140
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $90 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $2,400 to $7,500

Endermologie-Assisted Liposuction

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Testing: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Endermologie Session: $500 per session
  • Procedure Fee: $4,500
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,100
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $120
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $6,975 to $12,275

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Operative Testing: $220
  • Anesthesia Fee: $700
  • Endermologie Session: $450 per session
  • Procedure Fee: $4,200
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,000
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,300
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $300
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $80 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $6,400 to $11,450

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Testing: $230
  • Anesthesia Fee: $725
  • Endermologie Session: $550 per session
  • Procedure Fee: $4,700
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,150
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $325
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $160
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $110 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $7,950 to $12,200

Vaser-Assisted Liposuction

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $4,800
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,200
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,700
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $120
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $110 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $7,415 to $12,400

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $130
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $220
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,600
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,150
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,500
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $300
  • Compression Garment: $100
  • Follow-Up Visits: $150
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $50
  • Travel and Accommodation: $90 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $6,725 to $11,800

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $230
  • Anesthesia Fee: $775
  • Procedure Fee: $4,900
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,275
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $325
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $160
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $7,900 to $12,375

Smart Lipo

Istanbul:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $800
  • Procedure Fee: $4,900
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,300
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,800
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $400
  • Compression Garment: $130
  • Follow-Up Visits: $200
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $70
  • Travel and Accommodation: $120 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Istanbul: $7,700 to $13,350

Ankara:

  • Consultation Fee: $140
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $240
  • Anesthesia Fee: $750
  • Procedure Fee: $4,800
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,275
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,600
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $350
  • Compression Garment: $110
  • Follow-Up Visits: $175
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $60
  • Travel and Accommodation: $100 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Ankara: $7,325 to $12,650

Izmir:

  • Consultation Fee: $150
  • Pre-Operative Tests: $250
  • Anesthesia Fee: $775
  • Procedure Fee: $5,000
  • Per Liter of Fat Removed: $1,300
  • Hospital/Clinic Fees: $1,700
  • Post-Operative Medication and Care: $375
  • Compression Garment: $140
  • Follow-Up Visits: $180
  • Transport to and from Clinic: $80
  • Travel and Accommodation: $110 per night
  • Total Estimated Cost in Izmir: $8,050 to $13,150

Additional Costs to Consider

Beyond the basic cost of the procedure, several additional expenses may arise. These can include:

Consultation Fees

Initial consultations with the surgeon or clinic typically cost between $100 and $200. Some clinics may offer free consultations or include them in the overall procedure cost.

Pre-Operative Tests

Before the procedure, you may need to undergo various medical tests to ensure your suitability for surgery. These tests can cost anywhere from $200 to $500, depending on the required tests.

Anesthesia Fees

Anesthesia is an essential component of the procedure. Depending on the type of anesthesia used (local or general), the cost can range from $500 to $1,000.

Hospital or Clinic Fees

Hospital or clinic fees cover the use of the facility and can vary based on the clinic’s location and reputation. These fees typically range from $1,000 to $2,000.

Medication and Post-Operative Care

Post-operative medications and care are crucial for a smooth recovery. These expenses usually amount to $200 to $500.

Travel and Accommodation

If you are traveling from abroad, additional costs for travel and accommodation need to be considered. Depending on the location and your preferences, accommodation costs can range from $50 to $150 per night.

How to prepare for a Buttocks liposuction procedure?

Personal Preparations

Consult with Your Doctor About Your Goals

  • Objective: Have a detailed discussion about your aesthetic goals and expectations to ensure alignment with the possible outcomes of liposuction.
  • Details: During the initial consultation, clearly communicate your desired body shape and any specific areas of concern. The surgeon will evaluate your current body condition, discuss realistic outcomes, and determine if liposuction is the appropriate procedure. This discussion helps set achievable goals and ensures both you and your surgeon have a shared understanding of the expected results.
Additional Tips:
  • Prepare a list of questions about the procedure, recovery, and long-term results.
  • Consider bringing photographs of body shapes you admire to help articulate your goals.

Understand the Risks and Benefits

  • Objective: Fully comprehend the potential risks and benefits of buttocks liposuction.

 

  • Details: Educate yourself about the advantages and potential complications of the procedure. Benefits may include improved body contours and increased self-confidence, while risks could involve complications such as infection, scarring, or irregular contours. Read patient brochures, review testimonials, and discuss these aspects with your surgeon to make an informed decision.
Additional Tips:
  • Review before-and-after photos of previous patients to understand the range of possible outcomes.
  • Ask about the surgeon’s experience and success rates with liposuction.

Pre-Operative Health Assessment

  • Objective: Ensure your overall health is adequate for the surgery.
  • Details: Schedule a comprehensive physical examination to assess your health status. This includes checking vital signs, evaluating any pre-existing medical conditions, and ensuring you are in optimal condition for surgery. Health assessments help identify any potential issues that could impact the procedure or recovery.
Additional Tips:
  • Share your complete medical history, including any past surgeries or chronic conditions.
  • Discuss any medications or supplements you are currently taking.

Adjust Your Diet

  • Objective: Optimize your body’s condition before surgery.
  • Details: Adopt a healthy, balanced diet to improve your overall health and stabilize your weight. Focus on eating nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Reducing sodium and sugar intake can help minimize swelling and support healing. Avoid crash diets or extreme weight changes close to the surgery date.
Additional Tips:
  • Consult a nutritionist if you need personalized dietary advice.
  • Hydrate well and limit alcohol consumption to promote better health.

Quit Smoking and Alcohol Consumption

  • Objective: Reduce risks related to anesthesia and healing.
  • Details: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can impair healing and increase the risk of complications. Ideally, stop smoking at least six weeks before surgery and abstain from alcohol for at least a week prior. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, which can interfere with blood flow and healing.
Additional Tips:
  • Seek support or counseling to help quit smoking if necessary.
  • Inform your surgeon about any difficulties you might have with quitting.

Arrange for Post-Operative Help

  • Objective: Ensure you have adequate support during recovery.
  • Details: Make arrangements for someone to assist you after the surgery. This includes help with transportation to and from the clinic, support with daily activities, and someone to assist with post-operative care. Having a reliable person available can significantly ease your recovery process.
Additional Tips:
  • Prepare a list of tasks that you will need help with, such as meal preparation or household chores.
  • Consider having a friend or family member stay with you for at least the first 24 to 48 hours.

Purchase Required Post-Operative Supplies

  • Objective: Be prepared with all necessary items for recovery.
  • Details: Obtain all recommended post-operative supplies before your surgery date. This includes compression garments, which are essential for reducing swelling and supporting the treated areas, as well as any prescribed medications, such as pain relievers or antibiotics. Ensure you have all items ready and easily accessible.
Additional Tips:
  • Follow your surgeon’s recommendations for specific types of compression garments.
  • Stock up on basic necessities such as comfortable clothing and sanitary supplies.

Prepare for Downtime

  • Objective: Plan your schedule to accommodate the recovery period.
  • Details: Allocate time off from work or other commitments based on your surgeon’s recommendations. Recovery from liposuction typically requires one to two weeks of downtime, during which you may need to avoid strenuous activities and follow specific care instructions.
Additional Tips:
  • Arrange for flexible work arrangements if possible, such as working from home.
  • Inform your employer about your planned recovery time and any potential needs for additional support.

Medical Preparations

Initial Consultation

  • Objective: Establish a clear plan and assess your suitability for the procedure.
  • Details: During the initial consultation, your surgeon will conduct a thorough evaluation, including a physical examination and discussion of your medical history. They will assess your suitability for liposuction, explain the procedure in detail, and answer any questions you may have. This consultation is crucial for setting realistic expectations and understanding the procedure’s details.
Additional Tips:
  • Bring any previous medical records or imaging that might be relevant.
  • Take notes during the consultation to review later.

Pre-Operative Testing

  • Objective: Conduct necessary tests to ensure your safety during surgery.
  • Details: Undergo pre-operative tests as required by your surgeon. These may include blood tests to check for underlying health issues, urine tests to ensure normal kidney function, and possibly an electrocardiogram (EKG) if you have a history of heart issues. These tests help identify any conditions that could impact the surgery or recovery.
Additional Tips:
  • Follow all instructions for pre-test preparations, such as fasting.
  • Ensure all test results are reviewed by your surgeon before the procedure.

Review and Sign Consent Forms

  • Objective: Acknowledge and agree to the terms and risks of the procedure.
  • Details: Carefully review and sign consent forms provided by the clinic. These forms outline the details of the procedure, potential risks, and your rights as a patient. Understanding these documents ensures you are fully informed about the procedure and have given your consent to proceed.
Additional Tips:
  • Ask for a copy of the consent forms for your records.
  • Discuss any concerns or questions with your surgeon before signing.

Pre-Operative Instructions

  • Objective: Follow specific guidelines to prepare for surgery.
  • Details: Adhere to all pre-operative instructions given by your surgeon. This may include dietary restrictions (such as fasting for a certain period), medication adjustments, and other preparatory steps. Following these instructions is crucial for ensuring a smooth procedure and minimizing risks.
Additional Tips:
  • Confirm any specific instructions for the day of surgery, such as arrival times.
  • Prepare for pre-operative medications or supplements if prescribed.

Medication Review

  • Objective: Ensure safe and appropriate use of medications around the time of surgery.
  • Details: Review all medications and supplements with your surgeon or anesthesiologist. Some medications may need to be paused or adjusted before the procedure. This review helps prevent interactions with anesthesia and reduces the risk of complications.
Additional Tips:
  • Create a complete list of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs.
  • Discuss any herbal or dietary supplements you are taking.

Anesthesia Consultation

  • Objective: Understand the anesthesia plan and its implications.
  • Details: Meet with the anesthesiologist to discuss the type of anesthesia to be used during the procedure. This consultation includes reviewing your medical history, discussing any potential allergies or reactions to anesthesia, and understanding the anesthesia process.
Additional Tips:
  • Ask about any side effects or recovery issues related to anesthesia.
  • Discuss any previous experiences with anesthesia to inform the anesthesiologist.

Pre-Operative Markings

  • Objective: Ensure precise and accurate treatment areas.
  • Details: On the day of the procedure, your surgeon will make pre-operative markings on the areas to be treated while you are in a standing position. These markings help guide the surgery and ensure that the fat is removed according to your desired contour.
Additional Tips:
  • Wear comfortable clothing that allows easy access to the areas being marked.
  • Take note of the markings and discuss any concerns with your surgeon.

Medical Clearance

  • Objective: Obtain formal approval to proceed with the surgery.
  • Details: Depending on your health status and the complexity of the procedure, your surgeon may require medical clearance from your primary care physician or a specialist. This clearance confirms that you are fit for surgery and helps mitigate any health risks.
Additional Tips:
  • Provide your primary care physician with details about the planned procedure.
  • Schedule the clearance well in advance of your surgery date.

Post-Operative Care Plan

  • Objective: Understand and prepare for the care needed after surgery.
  • Details: Review the post-operative care plan provided by your surgeon. This plan includes instructions for managing pain, wound care, and monitoring for any signs of complications. It also outlines activity restrictions and follow-up appointments.
Additional Tips:
  • Ensure you understand all aspects of the care plan and have the necessary supplies.
  • Follow up with the clinic if you have any questions or concerns post-surgery.

Insurance and Payment Arrangements

  • Objective: Manage financial aspects and ensure coverage.
  • Details: Confirm insurance coverage for the procedure and arrange for payment of any costs not covered by insurance. Verify all financial arrangements, including payment plans if available, and ensure that you have a clear understanding of the total cost involved.
Additional Tips:
  • Contact your insurance provider to confirm coverage details and pre-authorization requirements.
  • Keep detailed records of all financial transactions and communications with the clinic.

What Happens During a Buttocks liposuction Surgery?

Anesthesia Administration

  • Objective: Ensure the patient is comfortable and pain-free throughout the procedure.
  • Details: The procedure begins with the administration of anesthesia. Depending on the complexity of the surgery and patient preference, this may involve general anesthesia, which puts the patient into a deep sleep, or local anesthesia combined with sedation, which numbs the targeted area while keeping the patient semi-conscious.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Evaluate Patient: Assess the patient’s health status and anesthesia needs.
  • Administer Anesthesia: Inject the chosen anesthesia into the patient’s veins (for general) or into the specific areas of the buttocks (for local).
  • Monitor Vital Signs: Continuously monitor the patient’s vital signs to ensure safety and respond to any changes.

Marking the Treatment Areas

  • Objective: Precisely delineate the areas where fat will be removed.
  • Details: With the patient in a standing or sitting position, the surgeon will use markers to outline the areas of the buttocks where fat will be extracted. This step helps in achieving symmetry and ensures that the removal of fat is targeted and effective.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Assess Body Contours: Analyze the body’s natural contours and identify areas with excess fat.
  • Mark Areas: Use a surgical marker to outline the specific areas on the skin where liposuction will occur.
  • Confirm with Patient: Discuss and confirm the marked areas with the patient to ensure alignment with their aesthetic goals.

Making Incisions

  • Objective: Create small access points for the liposuction cannula.
  • Details: Small incisions are made in discreet locations on the buttocks. These incisions serve as entry points for the cannula, a thin tube used to suction out fat. The size and number of incisions depend on the extent of fat removal and the surgeon’s technique.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Prepare Surgical Site: Clean and sterilize the area to reduce the risk of infection.
  • Make Incisions: Use a scalpel to create small, precise incisions in the marked areas.
  • Insert Cannula: Insert the cannula through the incisions to begin the fat removal process.

Injecting Tumescent Solution

  • Objective: Facilitate fat removal and reduce bleeding.
  • Details: A tumescent solution, consisting of saline, lidocaine (a local anesthetic), and epinephrine (to constrict blood vessels), is injected into the fat layers. This solution helps to swell the tissue, making it easier to remove fat and minimizing blood loss.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Prepare Solution: Mix the tumescent solution in the correct proportions.
  • Inject Solution: Use a syringe to inject the solution into the fatty tissue through the incisions.
  • Monitor Effectiveness: Assess the area to ensure the solution has adequately infiltrated and numbed the tissue.

Suctioning Out Fat

  • Objective: Remove excess fat from the buttocks to contour the body.
  • Details: The surgeon uses a suction device attached to the cannula to remove fat from the treated areas. The cannula is moved back and forth to break up fat cells and then suctioned out. The process is performed in layers to ensure even fat removal and smooth results.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Insert Cannula: Move the cannula in a controlled manner through the incisions.
  • Suction Fat: Activate the suction device to remove fat while continuously monitoring for symmetry and smoothness.
  • Adjust Technique: Adjust the cannula’s movement and suction pressure as needed to achieve optimal results.

Monitoring and Adjusting Fat Removal

  • Objective: Ensure balanced and symmetrical fat removal.
  • Details: Throughout the procedure, the surgeon continuously monitors the fat removal process to ensure even and symmetrical results. Adjustments are made based on real-time observations to maintain the desired body contour.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Assess Fat Removal: Evaluate the amount of fat removed and the contour of the treated areas.
  • Adjust Technique: Modify the suction technique or cannula insertion depth to address any irregularities.
  • Check Symmetry: Frequently check for symmetry and make necessary corrections.

Closing the Incisions

  • Objective: Secure the surgical site and facilitate healing.
  • Details: Once the desired amount of fat has been removed, the incisions are closed. This may involve suturing or using adhesive strips to seal the entry points. The closure method depends on the size and number of incisions.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Clean Incision Sites: Thoroughly clean the area around the incisions.
  • Close Incisions: Use sutures or adhesive strips to close the incisions.
  • Apply Dressings: Place sterile dressings over the incisions to protect them and aid in healing.

Applying Compression Garments

  • Objective: Support the treated areas and reduce swelling.
  • Details: Compression garments are applied to the buttocks to support the newly contoured areas and reduce swelling. These garments help the skin conform to the new shape and aid in the overall recovery process.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Fit Garments: Ensure the compression garments are fitted correctly and comfortably.
  • Instruct on Usage: Provide detailed instructions on how long to wear the garments and how to care for them.
  • Check for Comfort: Verify that the garments are not too tight or causing discomfort.

Post-Procedure Monitoring

  • Objective: Ensure the patient’s stability and address any immediate concerns.
  • Details: After the procedure, the patient is monitored in a recovery area to ensure they are stable and responding well. This includes checking vital signs, managing pain, and observing for any adverse reactions.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Monitor Vital Signs: Continuously check blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.
  • Manage Pain: Administer pain relief as needed and adjust medications based on patient feedback.
  • Observe for Complications: Watch for any signs of complications such as excessive bleeding or infection.

Providing Post-Operative Instructions

  • Objective: Ensure proper recovery and outline care protocols.
  • Details: The surgeon provides detailed post-operative care instructions, including how to manage incisions, when to schedule follow-up visits, and what activities to avoid. This guidance helps facilitate a smooth recovery and optimal results.

Doctor’s Actions:

  • Explain Care Instructions: Provide clear and detailed instructions on wound care, medication usage, and activity restrictions.
  • Schedule Follow-Up Visits: Arrange for follow-up appointments to monitor healing and address any concerns.
  • Answer Questions: Address any patient questions or concerns regarding the recovery process.

Final Thoughts

Buttocks liposuction is a significant investment in your appearance and confidence.

By understanding the factors influencing the cost and comparing various options, you can make an informed decision and find the best value for your money.

Turkey offers a range of affordable and high-quality options for those considering this procedure, making it a popular destination for cosmetic surgery.

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